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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
Context: Ages, chemical compositions, velocity vectors, and Galacticorbits for stars in the solar neighbourhood are fundamental test datafor models of Galactic evolution. The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of theSolar Neighbourhood (Nordström et al. 2004; GCS), amagnitude-complete, kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F andG dwarfs, is the largest available sample with complete data for starswith ages spanning that of the disk. Aims: We aim to improve theaccuracy of the GCS data by implementing the recent revision of theHipparcos parallaxes. Methods: The new parallaxes yield improvedastrometric distances for 12 506 stars in the GCS. We also use theparallaxes to verify the distance calibration for uvby? photometryby Holmberg et al. (2007, A&A, 475, 519; GCS II). We add newselection criteria to exclude evolved cool stars giving unreliableresults and derive distances for 3580 stars with large parallax errorsor not observed by Hipparcos. We also check the GCS II scales of T_effand [Fe/H] and find no need for change. Results: Introducing thenew distances, we recompute MV for 16 086 stars, and U, V, W,and Galactic orbital parameters for the 13 520 stars that also haveradial-velocity measurements. We also recompute stellar ages from thePadova stellar evolution models used in GCS I-II, using the new valuesof M_V, and compare them with ages from the Yale-Yonsei andVictoria-Regina models. Finally, we compare the observed age-velocityrelation in W with three simulated disk heating scenarios to show thepotential of the data. Conclusions: With these revisions, thebasic data for the GCS stars should now be as reliable as is possiblewith existing techniques. Further improvement must await consolidationof the T_eff scale from angular diameters and fluxes, and the Gaiatrigonometric parallaxes. We discuss the conditions for improvingcomputed stellar ages from new input data, and for distinguishingdifferent disk heating scenarios from data sets of the size andprecision of the GCS.Full Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/501/941
| Calibration of Strömgren uvby-H? photometry for late-type stars - a model atmosphere approach
Context: The use of model atmospheres for deriving stellar fundamentalparameters, such as T_eff, log g, and [Fe/H], will increase as we findand explore extreme stellar populations where empirical calibrations arenot yet available. Moreover, calibrations for upcoming large satellitemissions of new spectrophotometric indices, similar to the uvby-H?system, will be needed. Aims: We aim to test the power oftheoretical calibrations based on a new generation of MARCS models bycomparisons with observational photomteric data. Methods: Wecalculated synthetic uvby-H? colour indices from synthetic spectra.A sample of 367 field stars, as well as stars in globular clusters, isused for a direct comparison of the synthetic indices versus empiricaldata and for scrutinizing the possibilities of theoretical calibrationsfor temperature, metallicity, and gravity. Results: We show thatthe temperature sensitivity of the synthetic (b-y) colour is very closeto its empirical counterpart, whereas the temperature scale based uponH? shows a slight offset. The theoretical metallicity sensitivityof the m1 index (and for G-type stars its combination withc_1) is somewhat higher than the empirical one, based upon spectroscopicdeterminations. The gravity sensitivity of the synthetic c1index shows satisfactory behaviour when compared to obervations of Fstars. For stars cooler than the sun, a deviation is significant in thec1-(b-y) diagram. The theoretical calibrations of (b-y),(v-y), and c1 seem to work well for Pop II stars and lead toeffective temperatures for globular cluster stars supporting recentclaims that atomic diffusion occurs in stars near the turnoff point ofNGC 6397. Conclusions: Synthetic colours of stellar atmospherescan indeed be used, in many cases, to derive reliable fundamentalstellar parameters. The deviations seen when compared to observationaldata could be due to incomplete linelists but are possibly also due tothe effects of assuming plane-parallell or spherical geometry and LTE.Model colours are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/498/527
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Speckle Interferometry of Southern Double Stars. III. Measures from the Cesco Observatory, 1994-1996
Position angle and separation measures of 482 primarily southern binarystars are presented. These were obtained from speckle observations takenat the Carlos U. Cesco Observatory, El Leoncito, Argentina, using amultianode microchannel array detector during the period 1994 July to1996 July. When comparing our measures to the ephemeris predictions inthe case of objects with well-determined orbits, we find that ourmeasures have a precision of approximately 13 mas per observation inseparation and 0.75d/ρ in position angle, where ρ is theseparation in arcseconds. We briefly discuss the photometric propertiesof the data and highlight four southern binaries of particular interestthat emerge from the list presented.
| Abundance correlations in mildly metal-poor stars. II. Light elements (C to Ca)
Accurate relative abundances have been obtained for carbon, oxygen,sodium, aluminium, silicon, and calcium in a sample of mildly metal-poorstars. This analysis complements a previous study carried out by Jehinet al. ([CITE], A&A, 341, 241), which provided the basis for theEASE scenario. This scenario postulates that field metal-poor stars wereborn in self-enriched proto-globular cluster clouds. By furtherinvestigating the correlations between the different α-elementabundances, we propose a modified scenario for the formation ofintermediate metallicity stars, in which the stars exhibiting lower thanaverage α/Fe abundance ratios would form in low mass clouds,unable to sustain the formation of very massive stars (M 30~M_ȯ). Moreover, the carbon-to-iron ratio is found to decrease asone climbs the so-called Population IIb branch, i.e. when the s-elementabundance increases. In the framework of the EASE scenario, we interpretthis anticorrelation between the carbon and the s-element abundances asa signature of a hot bottom burning process in the metal-poor AGB starswhich expelled the matter subsequently accreted by our Population IIbstars.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile (ESO Programmes 56.E-0384, 57.E-0400 and 59.E-0257).
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Statistical cataloging of archival data for luminosity class IV-V stars. II. The epoch 2001 [Fe/H] catalog
This paper describes the derivation of an updated statistical catalog ofmetallicities. The stars for which those metallicities apply are ofspectral types F, G, and K, and are on or near the main sequence. Theinput data for the catalog are values of [Fe/H] published before 2002February and derived from lines of weak and moderate strength. Theanalyses used to derive the data have been based on one-dimensional LTEmodel atmospheres. Initial adjustments which are applied to the datainclude corrections to a uniform temperature scale which is given in acompanion paper (see Taylor \cite{t02}). After correction, the data aresubjected to a statistical analysis. For each of 941 stars considered,the results of that analysis include a mean value of [Fe/H], an rmserror, an associated number of degrees of freedom, and one or moreidentification numbers for source papers. The catalog of these resultssupersedes an earlier version given by Taylor (\cite{t94b}).Catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/731
| Statistical cataloging of archival data for luminosity class IV-V stars. I. The epoch 2001 temperature catalog
This paper is one of a pair in which temperatures and metallicitycatalogs for class IV-V stars are considered. The temperature catalogdescribed here is derived from a calibration based on stellar angulardiameters. If published calibrations of this kind are compared by usingcolor-index transformations, temperature-dependent differences among thecalibrations are commonly found. However, such differences are minimizedif attention is restricted to calibrations based on Johnson V-K. Acalibration of this sort from Di Benedetto (\cite{dib98}) is thereforetested and adopted. That calibration is then applied to spectroscopicand photometric data, with the latter predominating. Cousins R-Iphotometry receives special attention because of its high precision andlow metallicity sensitivity. Testing of temperatures derived from thecalibration suggests that their accuracy and precision are satisfactory,though further testing will be warranted as new results appear. Thesetemperatures appear in the catalog as values of theta equiv5040/T(effective). Most of these entries are accompanied by measured orderived values of Cousins R-I. Entries are given for 951 stars.Catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/721
| GAIA and Population II Visual Binaries
The results of a kinematical population classification of 497 Hipparcosorbital binaries are discussed. Less than 10% of the stars from thesample belong to the thick disk. Only seven stars have halo kinematics.There are no direct dynamical mass determinations for extreme halostars. Some suggestions, concerning Population II visual binaries forwhich ground-based astrometric observations in combination with GAIAdata will be useful in the future for the better determination of orbitsfor long period Population II binaries, are offered.
| Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations for FGK stars: 2001 edition
The catalogue presented here is a compilation of published atmosphericparameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H]) obtained from highresolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations. This newedition has changed compared to the five previous versions. It is nowrestricted to intermediate and low mass stars (F, G and K stars). Itcontains 6354 determinations of (Teff, log g, [Fe/H]) for3356 stars, including 909 stars in 79 stellar systems. The literature iscomplete between January 1980 and December 2000 and includes 378references. The catalogue is made up of two tables, one for field starsand one for stars in galactic associations, open and globular clustersand external galaxies. The catalogue is distributed through the CDSdatabase. Access to the catalogue with cross-identification to othersets of data is also possible with VizieR (Ochsenbein et al.\cite{och00}). The catalogue (Tables 1 and 2) is only available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/373/159 and VizieRhttp://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/.
| The abundance distribution of elements captured by neutrons in metal-poor stars
Based on our model to compute the heavy element abundances in metal-poorstars, the authors study the heavy-element abundance distributions in 21metal-poor stars published in 1999. The results show that the heavierelements agree well with the observed data, but the lighter elementsdeviate from them, and this further shows that the heavier elementabundances from different nucleosynthesis processes in metal-poorsurroundings are similar to those from corresponding processes in thesolar system but the contribution ratios are different, and the lighterelement abundances deviate from that of the solar system. At the sametime the results suggest the nucleosynthesis sites of the lighter andheavier elements are different, namely they have differentnucleosynthesis mechanisms. In this paper, the authors especiallydiscuss the influence of the observed abundance errors on the componentcoefficients of different nucleosynthesis processes.
| Kinematics of Metal-poor Stars in the Galaxy. II. Proper Motions for a Large Nonkinematically Selected Sample
We present a revised catalog of 2106 Galactic stars, selected withoutkinematic bias and with available radial velocities, distance estimates,and metal abundances in the range -4.0<=[Fe/H]<=0.0. This updateof the 1995 Beers & Sommer-Larsen catalog includes newly derivedhomogeneous photometric distance estimates, revised radial velocitiesfor a number of stars with recently obtained high-resolution spectra,and refined metallicities for stars originally identified in the HKobjective-prism survey (which account for nearly half of the catalog)based on a recent recalibration. A subset of 1258 stars in this cataloghave available proper motions based on measurements obtained with theHipparcos astrometry satellite or taken from the updated AstrographicCatalogue (second epoch positions from either the Hubble Space TelescopeGuide Star Catalog or the Tycho Catalogue), the Yale/San Juan SouthernProper Motion Catalog 2.0, and the Lick Northern Proper Motion Catalog.Our present catalog includes 388 RR Lyrae variables (182 of which arenewly added), 38 variables of other types, and 1680 nonvariables, withdistances in the range 0.1 to 40 kpc.
| Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
| Estimation of Stellar Metal Abundance. II. A Recalibration of the Ca II K Technique, and the Autocorrelation Function Method
We have recalibrated a method for the estimation of stellar metalabundance, parameterized as [Fe/H], based on medium-resolution (1-2Å) optical spectra (the majority of which cover the wavelengthrange 3700-4500 Å). The equivalent width of the Ca II K line (3933Å) as a function of [Fe/H] and broadband B-V color, as predictedfrom spectrum synthesis and model atmosphere calculations, is comparedwith observations of 551 stars with high-resolution abundances availablefrom the literature (a sevenfold increase in the number of calibrationstars that were previously available). A second method, based on theFourier autocorrelation function technique first described by Ratnatunga& Freeman, is used to provide an independent estimate of [Fe/H], ascalibrated by comparison with 405 standard-star abundances.Metallicities based on a combination of the two techniques for dwarfsand giants in the color range 0.30<=(B-V)_0<=1.2 exhibit anexternal 1 sigma scatter of approximately 0.10-0.20 dex over theabundance range -4.0<=[Fe/H]<=0.5. Particular attention has beengiven to the determination of abundance estimates at the metal-rich endof the calibration, where our previous attempt suffered from aconsiderable zero-point offset. Radial velocities, accurate toapproximately 10 km s^-1, are reported for all 551 calibration stars.
| Abundance correlations in mildly metal-poor stars
Accurate relative abundances have been obtained for a sample of 21mildly metal-poor stars from the analysis of high resolution and highsignal-to-noise spectra. In order to reach the highest coherence andinternal precision, lines with similar dependency on the stellaratmospheric parameters were selected, and the analysis was carried outin a strictly differential way within the sample. With these accurateresults, correlations between relative abundances have been searchedfor, with a special emphasis on the neutron capture elements. Thisanalysis shows that the r elements are closely correlated to the alphaelements, which is in agreement with the generally accepted idea thatthe r-process takes place during the explosion of massive stars. Thesituation is more complex as far as the s elements are concerned. Theirrelation with the alpha elements is not linear. In a first group ofstars, the relative abundance of the s elements increases only slightlywith the alpha elements overabundance until the latter reaches a maximumvalue. For the second group, the s elements show a rather large range ofenhancement and a constant (and maximum) value of the alpha elementsoverabundance. This peculiar behaviour leads us to distinguish betweentwo sub-populations of metal-poor stars, namely Pop IIa (first group)and Pop IIb (second group). We suggest a scenario of formation ofmetal-poor stars based on two distinct phases of chemical enrichment, afirst phase essentially consisting in supernova explosions of massivestars, and a second phase where the enrichment is provided by stellarwinds from intermediate mass stars. More specifically, we assume thatall thick disk and field halo stars were born in globular clusters, fromwhich they escaped, either during an early disruption of the cluster(Pop IIa) or, later, through an evaporation process (Pop IIb). Based onobservations obtained at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla,Chile.
| Kinematics and Metallicity of Stars in the Solar Region
Several samples of nearby stars with the most accurate astrometric andphotometric parameters are searched for clues to their evolutionaryhistory. The main samples are (1) the main-sequence stars with b - ybetween 0.29 and 0.59 mag (F3 to K1) in the Yale parallax catalog, (2) agroup of high-velocity subgiants studied spectroscopically by Ryan &Lambert, and (3) high-velocity main-sequence stars in the extensiveinvestigation by Norris, Bessel, & Pickles. The major conclusionsare as follows: (1) The oldest stars (halo), t >= 10-12 Gyr, haveV-velocities (in the direction of Galactic rotation and referred to theSun) in the range from about -50 to -800 km s^-1 and have aheavy-element abundance [Fe/H] of less than about -0.8 dex. The agerange of these objects depends on our knowledge of globular clusterages, but if age is correlated with V-velocity, the youngest may be M22and M28 (V ~ -50 km s^-1) and the oldest NGC 3201 (V ~ -500 km s^-1) andassorted field stars. (2) The old disk population covers the large agerange from about 2 Gyr (Hyades, NGC 752) to 10 or 12 Gyr (Arcturusgroup, 47 Tuc), but the lag (V) velocity is restricted to less thanabout 120 km s^-1 and [Fe/H] >= -0.8 or -0.9 dex. The [Fe/H] ~ -0.8dex division between halo and old disk, near t ~ 10-12 Gyr, is marked bya change in the character of the CN index (C_m) and of the blanketingparameter K of the DDO photometry. (3) The young disk population, t <2 Gyr, is confined exclusively to a well-defined area of the (U, V)velocity plane. The age separating young and old disk stars is also thatseparating giant evolution of the Hyades (near main-sequence luminosity)and M67 (degenerate helium cores and a large luminosity rise) kinds. Thetwo disk populations are also separated by such indexes as the g-indexof Geveva photometry. There appears to be no obvious need to invokeexogeneous influences to understand the motion and heavy-elementabundance distributions of the best-observed stars near the Sun.Individual stars of special interest include the parallax star HD 55575,which may be an equal-component binary, and the high-velocity star HD220127, with a well-determined space velocity near 1000 km s^-1.
| Field halo stars: the globular cluster connection
High resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of about 20 metal-poorstars have been analysed. The correlations between the relativeabundances of 16 elements have been studied, with a special emphasis onthe neutron-capture ones. This analysis reveals the existence of twosubpopulations of field halo stars, namely Pop IIa and Pop IIb. Theydiffer by the behaviour of the s-process elements versus the alpha andr-process elements. A scenario for the formation of these stars ispresented, which closely relates the origin of field halo stars to theevolution of globular clusters. According to this scenario, the twosub-populations originate from two different stages in the globularcluster's chemical evolution. Based on observations carried out at theEuropean Southern Observatory (La Silla, Chile)
| HIPPARCOS subdwarf parallaxes - Metal-rich clusters and the thick disk
We have used main-sequence fitting to calibrate the distances to theglobular clusters NGC 6397, M5, NGC 288, M71, and 47 Tucanae, matchingthe cluster photometry against data for subdwarfs with precise Hipparcosparallax measurements and accurate abundance determinations. Both thecluster and subdwarf abundance scales are tied to high-resolutionspectroscopic analyses. The distance moduli that we derive for the fiveclusters are 12.24, 14.52, 15.00, 13.19, and 13.59 mag, withuncertainties of 0.15 mag. These distances are higher than those derivedin pre-Hipparcos investigations. The calibrated cluster color-magnitudediagrams provide fiducial sequences in the (MV, B - V)-plane, outliningthe distribution expected for stars of a particular abundance. We havecombined the photometric data for NGC 6397, M5, and 47 Tucanae with themean color-magnitude relation delineated by nearby FGK dwarfs to definea reference grid in the (MV, B - V)-plane, and we have matched this gridagainst data for stars drawn from the Lowell Proper Motion Survey.Limiting the comparison to nonbinaries, there are significantly fewersubluminous stars than expected given the spectroscopic metallicitydistribution. Inverting the analysis, this implies a reduction by afactor of three in the proportion of stars contributing to themetal-poor tail of the Galactic disk. We discuss the implications ofthese results.
| The Abundance of CN. Calcium and Heavy Elements in High Velocity Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114..825E&db_key=AST
| A catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations: 1996 edition
A fifth Edition of the Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations is presentedherewith. It contains 5946 determinations for 3247 stars, including 751stars in 84 associations, clusters or galaxies. The literature iscomplete up to December 1995. The 700 bibliographical referencescorrespond to [Fe/H] determinations obtained from high resolutionspectroscopic observations and detailed analyses, most of them carriedout with the help of model-atmospheres. The Catalogue is made up ofthree formatted files: File 1: field stars, File 2: stars in galacticassociations and clusters, and stars in SMC, LMC, M33, File 3: numberedlist of bibliographical references The three files are only available inelectronic form at the Centre de Donnees Stellaires in Strasbourg, viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5), or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Speckle Interferometry of Southern Double Stars.I.First Results of the Yale-San Juan Speckle Interferometry Program
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....111.1681H&db_key=AST
| Spectroscopic analyses of metal-poor stars. II. The evolutionary stage of subdwarfs.
Models of post-main sequence stellar evolution of VandenBerg & Bell(???) have been applied to determine spectroscopic masses and distancesfor metal-poor stars. Careful consideration of the most important errorsources published in more recent papers such as VandenBerg (???) for thefirst time allow us to draw firm statistical conclusions. It is shownthat the evolutionary calculations qualitatively fit to the observedstellar parameters whereas quantitatively they predict too high ages formetal-poor stars. As an important result we confirm that evolutionarysequences need to be calibrated with respect to their metal abundance inorder to use their absolute predictions of temperature and luminosity.It turns out that this can be achieved by a simple shift of theevolutionary tracks and isochrones in effective temperature with values{DELTA}log T_eff_<~0.03 which accounts for possible changes of themixing-length and the O/Fe ratio with metallicity. The stellarluminosities and surface gravities obtained from evolutionary models aremuch more reliable than their effective temperatures. Therefore weconclude that the accuracy of the corresponding spectroscopic stellargravities is systematically affected by deviations from LTE, inparticular along the subgiant sequence where systematic errors less than{DELTA}log g =~0.3 must be ascribed to the non-LTE ionizationequilibrium of Fe II/Fe I. In our spectroscopic analyses the strongdependence between surface gravity and abundances determined from Fe Ilines restricts the accuracy of Fe abundances in subgiants to 0.1 dex atbest. The most remarkable result of our evolutionary and kinematicinvestigations of halo stars refers to the large fraction of slightlyevolved subgiants among the so-called subdwarfs. Since conventionalphotometric approaches often assume that the great majority ofmetal-poor stars are dwarfs this results in distances that aresystematically too low for their samples. Consequently, significantdifferences are found when comparing evolutionary and kinematicparameters obtained from either photometric or spectroscopic data. Wedemonstrate this by comparing the space velocities of the stars. Itappears that stars with particularly high space velocities derived fromspectroscopic distances show very often much lower velocities based ontheir main sequence parallaxes. We find that results refering to mainsequence parallaxes are doubtful and can be used only with greatestcare. An advantageous side-effect of the application of spectroscopicdata to evolutionary calculations is the possibility to identify binarysystems that are either standing out from the Toomre diagram with theirunusually high space velocities, or from a log g - log T_eff_ diagramwith apparently contradictory luminosities.
| Ca II H and K Filter Photometry on the UVBY System. II. The Catalog of Observations
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....109.2828T&db_key=AST
| Kinematics of metal-poor stars in the galaxy
We discuss the kinematic properties of a sample of 1936 Galactic stars,selected without kinematic bias, and with abundances (Fe/H) is less thanor equal to -0.6. The stars selected for this study all have measuredradial velocities, and the majority have abundances determined fromspectroscopic or narrow-/intermediate-band photometric techniques. Incontrast to previous examinations of the kinematics of the metal-poorstars in the Galaxy, our sample contains large numbers of stars that arelocated at distances in excess of 1 kpc from the Galactic plane. Thus, amuch clearer picture of the nature of the metal-deficient populations inthe Galaxy can now be drawn.
| Spectroscopic analyses of metal-poor stars. 1: Basic data and stellar parameters
Accurate stellar parameters have been obtained from the analyses of morethan thousand spectra of 115 metal-poor dwarfs and subgiants with visualmagnitudes brighter than V approximately equal to 12. The stellar samplewas selected mainly by high proper motion, with additional restrictionsfrom B-V colors and U-B excesses. The effective temperatures cover arange from 5000 to 6500 K while abundances are found between (M/H) =-0.1 and -0.3 dex. Based on homogeneous ODF blanketed model atmospheresin local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and working differentially withrespect to the Sun we derive a consistent set of stellar parameters,effective temperature, surface gravity, metal abundance andmicroturbulence velocity. Individual profile synthesis is applied to anumber of spectral lines for each star, which has led as a rule toaccuracies in Teff of better than 100 K, in log g of betterthan 0.15, and in (Fe/H) of better than 0.1 dex. Because of theconsistent treatment with only one type of model atmosphere, this sampleprovides an oppurtunity to examine the individual parametersstatistically and investigate in detail their relation to the formationand evolution of the Galaxy. One aspect of this analysis is a generalshift to higher iron abundances for the most metal-poor stars. Alongwith the recently preferred meteoritic solar iron abundance andeffective temperatures from conistent Balmer line profile fits that tendto be 100-200 K hotter than found from photometric calibrations,discrepancies of up to 0.5 dex in (Fe/H) can be explained in comparisonwith other abundance analyses. The most important results refer to theevolutionary status of the bona fide subdwarf sample. Irrespective ofthe different effective temperatures found here, there exists a severeproblem when comparing post main sequence evolutionary models of coolstars with our observed parameters. Even more interesting is the fact,demonstrated by the results of a consistent analysis of the ironionization equilibrium, that roughly half of the subdwarfs aresubgiants, some of them having nearly reached the bottom of the giantbranch.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| Balmer lines in cool dwarf stars II. Effective temperatures and calibration of colour indices
Effective temperatures obtained from synthesis of the extended profilewings of the first four Balmer lines are presented for more than 100dwarfs and subgiants of different metal abundances and surface gravitiesin the temperature range from 5000 to 6500 K. Line formation is based onhomogeneous ODF blanketed model atmospheres in LTE. The resultingtemperatures of the more metal-rich stars differ systematically fromthose determined by reference to synthetic broad- or intermediate-bandcolours such as B-V , b-y , R-I or V-K . While the Balmer linetemperatures give room to only very small individual errors and resultin a convincingly small mean error for all four lines, the scatteragainst temperatures determined from broad-band colours is by faroutside the internal errors claimed in recent applications. This may beattributed to either (a) observational errors, (b) dependence on therelative mixture of metal abundances, (c) unknown line blocking in mostof the visible and near-infrared spectrum or (d) the inhomogeneity foundin the granular patterns of stellar surfaces. Our results suggest thatbroad-band colours are insufficient individual temperature indicators,reliable only in a statistical sense.
| Walraven photometry of nearby southern OB associations
Homogeneous Walraven (VBLUW) photometry is presented for 5260 stars inthe regions of five nearby southern OB associations: Scorpio Centaurus(Sco OB2), Orion OB1, Canis Major OB1, Monoceros OB1, and Scutum OB2.Derived V and (B - V) in the Johnson system are included.
| Estimation of stellar metal abundance. I - Calibration of the CA II K index
A method for estimating the stellar metal abundances is proposed whichcompares measures of the equivalent width of a single feature inmoderate resolution (1 A) optical spectra of stars, the Ca II K line at3933 A, with models of the predicted line strength as a function of thebroadband B-V color and Fe/H. The approach is capable of providingestimates of stellar metallicity over the range -4.5 to -1.0 with ascatter of about 0.15 dex for dwarfs and giants in the color range0.33-0.85. For cooler stars, with B-V in the range 0.85-1.1, the scattermay be as large as 0.19 dex. The calibration of the Ca II K index withFe/H is discussed, and average radial velocities and abundances arepresented for several galactic globular clusters.
| The extension of the MK spectral classification system to the intermediate population II F type stars
A grid of metal-weak spectral-classification standards is used tosystematically extend the MK spectral-classification system to F-typestars of the intermediate population II. The present method allowsmetal-weak program stars to be compared with standards of similarmetallicity and effective temperature. The results demonstrate that theintermediate population II is very homogeneous. Excellent agreement isobtained between the classifications of the present extended system anduvby-beta photometric results.
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