A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1. I. First observations of luminous evolved stars
Aims: Multiwavelength observations of the young massive clusterWesterlund 1 have revealed evidence for a large number of OB supergiantand Wolf-Rayet binaries. However, in most cases these findings are basedon the detection of secondary binary characteristics, such as hard X-rayemission and/or non-thermal radio spectra and hence provide littleinformation on binary properties such as mass ratio and orbital period.To overcome this shortcoming we have initiated a long temporal baseline,multi-epoch radial velocity survey that will provide the first directconstraints on these parameters. Methods: VLT/FLAMES+GIRAFFEobservations of Wd1 were made on seven epochs from late-June toearly-September 2008, covering ~35 confirmed members of Wd1 and ~70photometrically-selected candidate members. Each target was observed ona minimum of three epochs, with brighter cluster members observed onfive (or, in a few cases, seven) occasions. Individual spectra cover the8484-9001 Å range, and strong Paschen-series absorption lines areused to measure radial velocity changes in order to identify candidatebinary systems for follow-up study. Results: This studypresents first-epoch results from twenty of the most luminous supergiantstars in Wd1. Four new OB supergiant members of Wd1 are identified,while statistically significant radial velocity changes are detected in~60% of the targets. W43a is identified as a short-period binary, whileW234 and the newly-identified cluster member W3003 are probable binariesand W2a is a strong binary candidate. The cool hypergiants W243 and W265display photospheric pulsations, while a number of early-mid Bsupergiants display significant radial velocity changes of ~15-25 kms-1 that we cannot distinguish between orbital orphotospheric motion in our initial short-baseline survey. When combinedwith existing observations, we find 30% of our sample to be binary(6/20) while additional candidate binaries support a binary fractionamongst Wd1 supergiants in excess of ~40%, a figure that is likely toincrease as further data become available.This work is based on observations collected at the European SouthernObservatory,Paranal Observatory under programme ID ESO 81.D-0324A...E.
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New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
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A Galactic O Star Catalog
We have produced a catalog of 378 Galactic O stars with accuratespectral classifications that is complete for V<8 but includes manyfainter stars. The catalog provides cross-identifications with othersources; coordinates (obtained in most cases from Tycho-2 data);astrometric distances for 24 of the nearest stars; optical (Tycho-2,Johnson, and Strömgren) and NIR photometry; group membership,runaway character, and multiplicity information; and a Web-based versionwith links to on-line services.
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Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
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UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
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A Radial Velocity Database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....113..823R&db_key=AST
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Deep Hα survey of the Milky Way. III. The l=338deg area.
The Galactic plane has been observed between l=337deg and l=342deg inthe frame of an Hα Survey of the Southern Milky Way. This area isknown to be rich in radio sources but poor in Hα emission. Theanalysis of high resolution profiles of the Hα emission observedin this direction nevertheless enabled to distinguish 6 differentvelocity components: 2 faint layers of diffuse ionized hydrogen at 0 and-12km/s (V_LSR_), 2 brighter layers at -28 and -39km/s includingindividual HII regions, a faint patch at -50km/s and two isolated brightHII regions at -61km/s. Combining these Hα observations withstellar and radio data we conclude about the most probable distances forthe different components.
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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A spectroscopic database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
A database of published spectral classifications for objects in theStepenson-Sanduleak Luminous Stars in the Southern Milky Way catalog hasbeen compiled from the literature. A total of 6182 classifications for2562 stars from 139 sources are incorporated.
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The Diffuse Ionized Interstellar Medium: Structures Resulting from Ionization by O Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993ApJ...417..579M&db_key=AST
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Stromgren and H beta photometry of OB associations and open clusters. I - ARA OB1
Stromgren and H beta photometry of 38 stars in the field of Ara OB1 ispresented. The excesses, the absolute magnitudes and the temperatures ofthe stars have been obtained. The masses and the ages are alsoestimated, based on the models of Maeder and Meynet. Two differentgroups have been distinguished by their space locations at V0 - MV =10.23 and 12.01 mag (assuming a normal extinction law). The more distantgroup is younger and more massive. The magnitude and the excess of theWR star MR62 point to its probable membership of this group. There aregood reasons to suspect a value of the total-to-selective absorptionratio that is greater than the normal 3.2, which leads to a significantreduction of the true distance moduli.
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UBV photometry of OB+ stars in the southern Milky Way
One thousand two hundred and twenty six new observations are combinedwith previously published results of the author to yield an internalyconsistent set of magnitudes and colors on the international UBV systemfor 666 stars classified as OB+ in the Stephenson-Sanduleak OB starsurvey. The U - B, B - V diagram indicates that these stars consistprimarily of O-type stars and early B-type supergiants, reddened by upto E(B - V) = 2.1 mag.
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The interstellar 217 NM band - A third catalogue of equivalent widths
A catalog of equivalent widths of the 217 nm interstellar absorptionband as well as other parameters characterizing the extinction curve inthe ultraviolet has been compiled for 790 O and B stars. A relativelytight correlation between the equivalent width of the 217 nm band andE(B-V) indicates that the absorber of this band is connected with thepopulation of larger interstellar grains responsible for the visualextinction. The parameter characterizing the amount of extinction in thefar UV is only weakly correlated with E(B-V), a result in accord withthe assumption that a second population of very small grains causes therapid increase of the far-UV extinction.
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Five-colour photometry of early-type stars in the direction of galactic X-ray sources
The results of five-color (Walraven system) photometry of 551 O- andB-type stars located in 17 fields of a few square degrees aroundgalactic X-ray sources are presented. From a comparison ofreddening-free combinations of color indices with theoretical values,calculated for model atmospheres of Kurucz (1979), effective temperatureand surface gravity for these stars are derived. In addition theirabsolute magnitude are determined by combining these parameters with theresults of evolutionary calculations of massive stars. These effectivetemperatures are in good agreement with the temperature scale ofBohm-Vitense (1981) for stars of luminosity classes II to V. For thesupergiants the effective temperatures are about 40 percent higher. Forstars of luminosity classes III to V the absolute magnitudes agree wellwith the results of independent luminosity calibrations of spectraltypes, but for brighter stars they deviate systematically. Thephotometric data are also used to study the interstellar reddening inthe direction of the X-ray sources.
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A catalog of ultraviolet interstellar extinction excesses for 1415 stars
Ultraviolet interstellar extinction excesses are presented for 1415stars with spectral types B7 and earlier. The excesses with respect to Vare derived from Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) 5-channel UVphotometry at central wavelengths of approximately 1550, 1800, 2500, and3300 A. A measure of the excess extinction in the 2200-A extinction bumpis also given. The data are valuable for investigating the systematicsof peculiar interstellar extinction and for studying the character of UVinterstellar extinction in the general direction of stars for which theextinction-curve shape is unknown.
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On the intrinsic UVBY colours of early-type supergiants
The present photoelectric uvby observations of 43 late O-type to earlyA-type supergiants are combined with published results to extend theZhang (1983) determination of the intrinsic color lines in the(b-y)/c(1) diagram. Zhang's conclusion that the H-beta index is wellcorrelated with luminosity class is reaffirmed by the results obtained,although the degree of separation found here is less clear. It is notfound, however, that beta has a significant minimum between the B1 andB3 spectral types.
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Interstellar NaI absorption towards the stellar association ARA OB1
Observations have been made of the interstellar D-line absorption of NaI towards a loose grouping of OB stars (containing the association AraOB1 and probably the H-alpha emission regions RCW 107 and 108) centeredat 1 = 337.5 deg and b = - 0.5 deg. The individual absorption spectracontain several velocity components which show well-defined groupings at- 37, -18 and 0 km/s. The corresponding median optical depths are 2, 7and 6. The evidence indicates that both the -37 and -18 km/s Na I cloudsare located in the Carina-Sagittarius spiral arm. Several H II regionsare located at similar longitudes, but most are close to zero latitudeand are more distant than the arm. The association contains the galacticcluster NGC 61993. The results suggest that the turbulence seenoptically towards this cluster has been caused by the interactionbetween two cloud groups moving towards each other at velocities of 10to 15 km/s.
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Near Infrared Photometry and Free-Free Fluxes of 12 Southern OB Supergiants
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984RMxAA...9...95L
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New UBVRI photometry for 900 supergiants
A description is presented of the results obtained in connection with asystematic program of supergiant photometry on the Johnson UBVRI system.During the eight years after the start of the program, almost 1000 starshave been observed, about 400 three or more times each. The originalselection of stars used the spectral type catalog of Jaschek et al.(1964) to choose supergiants. Since observations were possible from bothChile and Canada, no declination limits were imposed, and no particularselection criteria were imposed other than to eliminate carbon stars.These are so red as to require enormous extrapolations of thetransformation equations.
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UBV photometry for southern OB stars
New UBV photometry of 1227 OB stars in the southern Milky Way ispresented. For 1113 of these stars, MK spectral types have been reportedpreviously in a comprehensive survey to B = 10.0 mag.
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The initial mass function for massive stars
A machine readable catalog of over 750 galactic O stars with publishedphotometry, spectral types, and luminosity classes has been compiled.The catalog is probably complete to a distance of about 2.5 kpc. Fromthis volume-limited data, the initial mass function (IMF) for stars moremassive than 20 solar masses has been derived. This IMF differs fromthat of Miller and Scalo (1979) and of Lequeux (1979), in havingproportionately more O type stars and not as steep a fall-off in numberof stars with increasing mass. Dividing the sample into stars inside andoutside the solar circle, a substantial difference in the IMF of themost massive stars is found. There are proportionally more toward thegalactic center. This gradient in the IMF may be related to the observedspace density of Wolf-Rayet stars, which are descendants of O typestars.
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UBV-/H-beta/ photometry of luminous stars between L equals 335 deg and L equals 6 deg
Results are reported for photoelectric UBV and H-beta photometry of 316luminous OB stars and early-type supergiants in the region between 335and 6 deg galactic longitude. UBV magnitudes for the 316 stars and betaindexes for 37 of them are presented. Absolute magnitudes, distances,and color excesses are determined for the 161 stars with measured betaindexes or known MK spectral types. The results are discussed in termsof the spiral structure of the Galaxy. From the data obtained forprogram stars assumed to be cluster members, distances are derived forthe open clusters NGC 6167 (1.7 kpc), NGC 6193 (1.3 kpc), Hogg 22 (2.0kpc), NGC 6231 (1.9 kpc), and Tr 27 (1.6 kpc).
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Absolute Proper Motions for 117 Type 0-STARS
Not Available
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On the 4430 A interstellar band - A visual classification
A system of visual classification of the strength of the interstellarband 4430 A has been developed, based on spectra taken at spectralclassification dispersion. The intensity of the band was divided into 8main classes, defined by a group of selected standard stars. The systemwas applied to 1,111 southern OB stars contained in the catalog ofspectral types by Garrison, Hiltner, and Schild (1977). The mean errorin the classification was estimated to be plus or minus 1 class.Equivalent widths were measured for 100 stars; an excellent correlationwith the visual estimations was obtained. A calibration between thesetwo parameters is given.
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Possible association membership for the three long period Cepheids RZ Velorum, SW Velorum, and KQ Scorpii
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1979A&A....76..350T&db_key=AST
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Studies of luminous stars in nearby galaxies. I. Supergiants and O stars in the Milky Way.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978ApJS...38..309H&db_key=AST
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MK spectral classifications for southern OB stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977ApJS...35..111G&db_key=AST
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A catalogue of galactic O stars. The ionization of the low density interstellar medium by runaway stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974RMxAA...1..211C&db_key=AST
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A new general O type stars catalogue
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1973A&AS...12..277G&db_key=AST
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The space distribution and kinematics of supergiants
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1970AJ.....75..602H&db_key=AST
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