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Optical and X-Ray Characteristics of Stars Detected in the Einstein Slew Survey
We detect X-rays for the first time from 63 cool (types AM) stars. Thesestars are part of the 229 total stellar X-ray sources identified to datein the Einstein Slew Survey (hereafter Slew). We also list new X-raydata on one A star that may have a corona, five OB stars, and reportdiscoveries of two new T Tauri stars and two new cataclysmic variables.The stellar content of the Slew high-latitude subset (currently 93%identified for |b_II_| > 20^deg^) is 26%. This agrees well with theEinstein Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) stellar sample, whichonly considered high latitudes. Because of the large solid angle coveredby the Slew, and its shallow limiting flux, the sample will better probethe bright end of the stellar X-ray luminosity function (L_X_ >10^30^ ergs s^-1^). Presently (based on the 221 Slew stars with knownspectral types), the sample is dominated by late-type systems (coolerthan F; 68%). These include dMe's, BY Dra, RS CVn, and FK Comae systems.Based on the limiting magnitudes of catalogs searched to date, the Slewis assessed to be complete for spectral types earlier than K. Hence, Kand M systems will be prominent in the ~50 as yet unidentified stars. Wehave embarked on an extensive program to (1) confirm the X-rayidentifications with the optical counterparts; (2) search for Ca II Hand K and Balmer line emission as activity signatures; and (3) searchfor supporting evidence of magnetic activity by measuring rotationalvelocities and relating them to X-ray luminosity level. Of 64 proposedcoronal systems observed to date, we have confirmed 44 active stars,while in the remaining 20 we have been unable to find definitiveactivity. We have confirmed an additional 19 active stars from stellardatabase searches, and reclassified nine systems as having nonstellaroptical counterparts from optical follow-up identification work andextragalactic database searches. We discuss notable new discoveries.From the sample of single active F7-MS Slew stars with measured ν sini-values, we find a strong (99.9% confidence level) linear correlationof X-ray luminosity with ν sin i and with stellar radius (R).However, L_X_ is uncorrelated with angular rotation speed at the 99%level. For the combined Slew and EMSS single star F7-MS sample, we findthe same 99.9% ν sin i-L_X_ and R-L_X_ correlations. The L_X_-νsin i relation for the combined sample appears to flatten with respectto the quadratic behavior seen for optically selected stellar samples atrotational velocities in excess of ~16 km s^-1^. For the unevolvedsubset of the Slew single star sample, we also find a correlationbetween L_X_ and Rossby number (R_0_; more than 99% confidence). Aleast-squares fit gives L_X_ ~ R_0_^-0.4^, which is similarly flatterthan the quadratic dependence seen in optical samples. Using the stellarsurface X-ray flux F_X_ versus B - V diagram, we interpret these resultsas saturation of the stellar surface by active regions at F_X_/F_bol_ ~10^-3^.
| Lithium, X-ray activity and rotation in an X-ray selected sample of solar-type stars
We present an analysis of the connection between X-ray activity level,photospheric abundance of lithium and surface rotation in late typeactive main sequence stars (G and K), using the ratio between opticaland X-ray luminosity fx/fv as an uniform activity indicator. We performthis analysis for a sample of X-ray selected sources from Einstein-basedsurveys compared to stars from the Pleiades open cluster and to a sampleof active binary stars. We show that these parameters show differentdegrees of statistical correlation in the three samples. In particular,the Pleiades sample shows a significant correlation between all threequantities, while in the X-ray selected sample lithium and rotation aresignificantly correlated with each other but neither is correlated withthe activity level. No correlation is evident for the three quantitiesstudied in the active binary sample. We show how the behavior of theX-ray selected sample can be used to discriminate among differenthypothesis about the nature of the so-called `yellow star excess'observed in X-ray flux-limited surveys, showing that this is composed bya population of young, near Zero-Age Main Sequence (ZAMS) stars withcharacteristics similar to the Pleiades.
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| קבוצת-כוכבים: | בתולה |
| התרוממות ימנית: | 12h15m04.04s |
| סירוב: | +07°31'49.6" |
| גודל גלוי: | 8.634 |
| מרחק: | 645.161 פארסק |
| תנועה נכונה: | 16.8 |
| תנועה נכונה: | -9.3 |
| B-T magnitude: | 10.019 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.749 |
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