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Formation scenarios for the young stellar associations between galactic longitudes l = 280degr - 360degr
We investigate the spatial distribution, the space velocities and agedistribution of the pre-main sequence (PMS) stars belonging toOphiuchus, Lupus and Chamaeleon star-forming regions (SFRs), and of theyoung early-type star members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association.These young stellar associations extend over the galactic longituderange from 280degr to 360degr , and are at a distance interval ofaround 100 and 200 pc. This study is based on a compilation ofdistances, proper motions and radial velocities from the literature forthe kinematic properties, and of basic stellar data for the constructionof Hertzsprung-Russel diagrams. Although there was no well-known OBassociation in Chamaeleon, the distances and the proper motions of agroup of 21 B- and A-type stars, taken from the Hipparcos Catalogue,lead us to propose that they form a young association. We show that theyoung early-type stars of the OB associations and the PMS stars of theSFRs follow a similar spatial distribution, i.e., there is no separationbetween the low and the high-mass young stars. We find no difference inthe kinematics nor in the ages of these two populations studied.Considering not only the stars selected by kinematic criteria but thewhole sample of young early-type stars, the scattering of their propermotions is similar to that of the PMS stars and all the young starsexhibit a common direction of motion. The space velocities of theHipparcos PMS stars of each SFR are compatible with the mean values ofthe OB associations. The PMS stars in each SFR span a wide range of ages(from 1 to 20 Myr). The ages of the OB subgroups are 8-10 Myr for UpperScorpius (US), and 16-20 Myr for Upper Centaurus Lupus (UCL) and forLower Centaurus Crux (LCC). Thus, our results do not confirm that UCL isolder than the LCC association. Based on these results and theuncertainties associated with the age determination, we cannot say thatthere is indeed a difference in the age of the two populations. Weanalyze the different scenarios for the triggering of large-scalestar-formation that have been proposed up to now, and argue that mostprobably we are observing a spiral arm that passes close to the Sun. Thealignment of young stars and molecular clouds and the average velocityof the stars in the opposite direction to the Galactic rotation agreewith the expected behavior of star formation in nearby spiral arms.Tables 1 to 4 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/404/913
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| High S/N Echelle spectroscopy in young stellar groups. II. Rotational velocities of early-type stars in SCO OB2.
We investigate the rotational velocities of early-type stars in the ScoOB2 association. We measure v.sin(i) for 156 established and probablemembers of the association. The measurements are performed with threedifferent techniques, which are in increasing order of expectedv.sin(i): 1) converting the widths of spectral lines directly tov.sin(i), 2) comparing artificially broadened spectra of low v.sin(i)stars to the target spectrum, 3) comparing the HeI λ4026 lineprofile to theoretical models. The sample is extended with literaturedata for 47 established members of Sco OB2. Analysis of the v.sin(i)distributions shows that there are no significant differences betweenthe subgroups of Sco OB2. We find that members of the binary populationof Sco OB2 on the whole rotate more slowly than the single stars. Inaddition, we find that the B7-B9 single star members rotatesignificantly faster than their B0-B6 counterparts. We test varioushypotheses for the distribution of v.sin(i) in the association. Theresults show that we cannot clearly exclude any form of randomdistribution of the direction and/or magnitude of the intrinsicrotational velocity vector. We also investigate the effects of rotationon colours in the Walraven photometric system. We show that positions ofB7-B9 single dwarfs above the main sequence are a consequence ofrotation. This establishes the influence of rotation on the Walravencolours, due primarily to surface gravity effects.
| Far-Ultraviolet Stellar Photometry: Fields Centered on rho Ophiuchi and the Galactic Center
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..104..101S&db_key=AST
| SANTIAGO 91, a right ascension catalogue of 3387 stars (equinox J2000).
The positions in right ascension of 3387 stars belonging to the Santiago67 Catalogue, observed with the Repsold Meridian Circle at Cerro Calan,National Astronomical Observatory, during the period 1989 to 1994, aregiven. The average mean square error of a position, for the wholeCatalogue, is +/-0.009 s. The mean epoch of the catalogue is 1991.84.
| A homogeneous catalog of new UBV and H-beta photometry of B- and A-type stars in and around the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association
B- and A-type stars in and near the Sco-Cen OB association areinvestigated with UBV and H-beta photometry to acquire data relevant tothe luminosity function of Sco-Cen. The measurements generally consistof two 10-s integrations of U, B, V, (W, N) filters, and theobservations are corrected iteratively for atmospheric extinction andinstrumental response. The data presented give the mean V magnitude,mean B-V, mean U-B, and the estimated uncertainties for these values.The catalog provides a homogeneous catalog of data for a large fieldwith stellar objects delineating membership to the association Sco-Cenand that affect the luminosity function of the aggregate.
| Walraven photometry of nearby southern OB associations
Homogeneous Walraven (VBLUW) photometry is presented for 5260 stars inthe regions of five nearby southern OB associations: Scorpio Centaurus(Sco OB2), Orion OB1, Canis Major OB1, Monoceros OB1, and Scutum OB2.Derived V and (B - V) in the Johnson system are included.
| Physical parameters of stars in the Scorpio-Centaurus OB association
Walraven photometry is presented of established and probable members ofthe Scorpio-Centaurus OB association. For each star, effectivetemperature and surface gravity are derived using Kurucz (1979)atmosphere models. From the Straizys and Kuriliene (1981) tables,absolute magnitudes are calculated. Distance moduli and visualextinctions are determined for all stars. From a comparison of theHR-diagrams of the stars in each subgroup with theoretical isochrones,the ages of the three subgroups are derived. The distances to the threesubgroups are shown to be different; there is a general trend (alsowithin each subgroup) for the distances to be larger at higher galacticlongitudes. The visual extinction in the youngest subgroupUpper-Scorpius, is well correlated with the IRAS 100-micron map. Thedistance toward the Ophiuchus dark clouds is found to be 125 pc, basedon the photometric distances to the stars. Most of the early-type starsin Upper-Scorpius are located at the far side of the dark clouds.
| The velocity field of the outer Galaxy in the southern hemisphere. III - Determination of distances to O, B, and A type stars in the Walraven photometric system
The Walraven photometric system has been used to derive distances tostars of spectral types earlier than A7. The details of the observingprocedure are given, and the way the data were analyzed is described.The accuracy of the data is discussed, and the results are compared withthose of Gathier et al. (1986). The observational results for stars ineight well-studied star cluster are presented, compared with theliterature, and discussed.
| A search for periodic variability of normal A-type stars
Detailed UBV measurements are presented for seventeen A-type stars, notclassified as peculiar, together with two peculiar A-type stars forcomparison. The results indicate that measurable variation is a rathercommon phenomenon among A-type stars.
| A comparison of UV extinction in SCO OB2 and Per OB1 associations
The paper presents a comparison of extinction curves constructed basedon consecutive color excesses in optical and UV wavelength ranges. TheANS photometric data make it possible to construct reliable averageextinction curves for Sco OB2 and Per OB1 associations. The resultingcurves show large differences in the UV, up to 1.5 m in the 2200 hump.The far UV extinction, shortward of 2000 A, seems to be independent ofE(B-V) in every association. Then, the presence of at least 2populations of grains in the interstellar space seems to be fullyconfirmed. Several stars with strongly enhanced far UV extinction,probably caused by a circumstellar material, are also reported.
| An ultraviolet extinction study of the rho Ophiuchi dark cloud
Five-band ultraviolet spectrophotometry has been carried out for 54stars in the upper Scorpius complex. Of these, 14 stars in the rhoOphiuchi dark cloud and 13 in the surrounding area are found to be freeof spectral peculiarities and contamination by scattered light fromnearby bright stars. The dark cloud stars give extinction curves whichare significantly lower than the average extinction curves derived byother investigators and also those observed for localized regions suchas the area around Cygnus X-1 and the Cepheus OB III cluster. Thisimplies that the dust in the upper Scorpius region, especially that inthe rho Ophiuchi dark cloud has larger average size than the normalinterstellar medium. R, the ratio of total-to-selective extinction, isfound to be 4.2. The effects of a lower extinction curve on thechemistry of a dark cloud is also briefly discussed.
| Stellar rotation on the zero age main sequence
Analysis of rotational velocities of unevolved members in clustersindicates that for a given mass the dispersion in the true rotationalvelocities is small for normal, single main-sequence stars. The envelopeof highest rotation of rich clusters and associations is utilized toderive the rotational velocities on the zero age main sequence. It issuggested (1) that the zero age main-sequence rotation curve defines thestar's stability against fission and (2) that the frequency ofspectroscopic binaries in a cluster is determined by the total angularmomentum available to the gas cloud before fragmentation.
| The c-m diagram of the globular cluster M4.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977A&AS...27..367L&db_key=AST
| The ratio of total to selective absorption in the rho OPH cloud.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974MNRAS.168..371W&db_key=AST
| UVBY and beta observations of B-type stars in the Scorpio-Centaurus association.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971AJ.....76.1041G&db_key=AST
| Some Characteristics of the B and A Stars in the Upper Scorpius Complex
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1967ApJ...147.1003G&db_key=AST
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| קבוצת-כוכבים: | עקרב |
| התרוממות ימנית: | 16h24m30.42s |
| סירוב: | -27°09'04.1" |
| גודל גלוי: | 7.479 |
| מרחק: | 120.919 פארסק |
| תנועה נכונה: | -23 |
| תנועה נכונה: | -29.6 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.677 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.496 |
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