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Spectrometric composition of nearby K dwarfs
We have obtained relatively high resolution spectra of Northernhemisphere K dwarfs. This is the first spectrometric project dedicatedonly to K dwarfs. Earlier studies have concentrated on more massive Fand G dwarfs. However, these stars have already undergone evolutionaryeffects, unlike K dwarfs, which offer more accurate information aboutthe evolution of the Solar neighbourhood. We have determined the LTEabundances of 14 elements for 42 stars with initial metallicity rangecovered by -1.52 < [Fe/H] < 0.48. We confirm the discrepancy inthe abundances derived from neutral and ionized lines. The solution tothis problem cannot just be the modification of initial physicalparameters, but requires fundamental changes in the modeling of Kdwarfs.
| Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I.
We have embarked on a project, under the aegis of the Nearby Stars(NStars)/Space Interferometry Mission Preparatory Science Program, toobtain spectra, spectral types, and, where feasible, basic physicalparameters for the 3600 dwarf and giant stars earlier than M0 within 40pc of the Sun. In this paper, we report on the results of this projectfor the first 664 stars in the northern hemisphere. These resultsinclude precise, homogeneous spectral types, basic physical parameters(including the effective temperature, surface gravity, and overallmetallicity [M/H]), and measures of the chromospheric activity of ourprogram stars. Observed and derived data presented in this paper arealso available on the project's Web site.
| K dwarfs and the chemical evolution of the solar cylinder
K dwarfs have lifetimes older than the present age of the Galactic disc,and are thus ideal stars for investigating the chemical evolution of thedisc. We have developed several photometric metallicity indicators for Kdwarfs, based on a sample of accurate spectroscopic metallicities for 34disc and halo G and K dwarfs. The photometric metallicities lead us todevelop a metallicity index for K dwarfs based only on their position inthe colour-absolute-magnitude diagram. Metallicities have beendetermined for 431 single K dwarfs drawn from the Hipparcos catalogue,selecting the stars by absolute magnitude and removing multiple systems.The sample is essentially a complete reckoning of the metal content innearby K dwarfs. We use stellar isochrones to mark the stars by mass,and select a subset of 220 of the stars, which is complete within anarrow mass interval. We fit the data with a model of the chemicalevolution of the solar cylinder. We find that only a modest cosmicscatter is required to fit our age-metallicity relation. The modelassumes two main infall episodes for the formation of the halo-thickdisc and thin disc, respectively. The new data confirm that the solarneighbourhood formed on a long time-scale of the order of 7 Gyr.
| Late-type members of young stellar kinematic groups - I. Single stars
This is the first paper of a series aimed at studying the properties oflate-type members of young stellar kinematic groups. We concentrate ourstudy on classical young moving groups such as the Local Association(Pleiades moving group, 20-150Myr), IC 2391 supercluster (35Myr), UrsaMajor group (Sirius supercluster, 300Myr), and Hyades supercluster(600Myr), as well as on recently identified groups such as the Castormoving group (200Myr). In this paper we compile a preliminary list ofsingle late-type possible members of some of these young stellarkinematic groups. Stars are selected from previously established membersof stellar kinematic groups based on photometric and kinematicproperties as well as from candidates based on other criteria such astheir level of chromospheric activity, rotation rate and lithiumabundance. Precise measurements of proper motions and parallaxes takenfrom the Hipparcos Catalogue, as well as from the Tycho-2 Catalogue, andpublished radial velocity measurements are used to calculate theGalactic space motions (U, V, W) and to apply Eggen's kinematic criteriain order to determine the membership of the selected stars to thedifferent groups. Additional criteria using age-dating methods forlate-type stars will be applied in forthcoming papers of this series. Afurther study of the list of stars compiled here could lead to a betterunderstanding of the chromospheric activity and their age evolution, aswell as of the star formation history in the solar neighbourhood. Inaddition, these stars are also potential search targets for directimaging detection of substellar companions.
| The Vienna-KPNO search for Doppler-imaging candidate stars. I. A catalog of stellar-activity indicators for 1058 late-type Hipparcos stars
We present the results from a spectroscopic Ca ii H&K survey of 1058late-type stars selected from a color-limited subsample of the Hipparcoscatalog. Out of these 1058 stars, 371 stars were found to showsignificant H&K emission, most of them previously unknown; 23% withstrong emission, 36% with moderate emission, and 41% with weak emission.These spectra are used to determine absolute H&K emission-linefluxes, radial velocities, and equivalent widths of theluminosity-sensitive Sr ii line at 4077 Ä. Red-wavelengthspectroscopic and Strömgren y photometric follow-up observations ofthe 371 stars with H&K emission are used to additionally determinethe absolute Hα -core flux, the lithium abundance from the Li i6708 Å equivalent width, the rotational velocity vsin i, theradial velocity, and the light variations and its periodicity. Thelatter is interpreted as the stellar rotation period due to aninhomogeneous surface brightness distribution. 156 stars were found withphotometric periods between 0.29 and 64 days, 11 additional systemsshowed quasi-periodic variations possibly in excess of ~50 days. Further54 stars had variations but no unique period was found, and four starswere essentially constant. Altogether, 170 new variable stars werediscovered. Additionally, we found 17 new SB1 (plus 16 new candidates)and 19 new SB2 systems, as well as one definite and two possible new SB3systems. Finally, we present a list of 21 stars that we think are mostsuitable candidates for a detailed study with the Doppler-imagingtechnique. Tables A1--A3 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The ROSAT International X-ray/Optical Survey (RIXOS): source catalogue
We describe the ROSAT International X-ray/Optical Survey (RIXOS), amedium-sensitivity survey and optical identification of X-ray sourcesdiscovered in ROSAT high Galactic latitude fields (|b|>28 deg) andobserved with the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC)detector. The survey made use of the central 17arcmin of each ROSATfield. A flux limit of3x10-14ergcm-2s-1 (0.5-2keV) wasadopted for the survey, and a minimum exposure time of 8000s wasrequired for qualifying ROSAT observations. X-ray sources in the surveyare therefore substantially above the detection threshold of each fieldused, and many contain enough counts to allow the X-ray spectral slopeto be estimated. Spectroscopic observations of potential counterpartswere obtained of all sources down to the survey limit in 64 fields,totalling a sky area of 15.77deg2. Positive opticalidentifications are made for 94per cent of the 296 sources thusexamined. A further 18 fields (4.44deg2), containing 105sources above the 3x10-14ergcm-2s-1survey limit, are completely optically identified to a higher flux of8x10-14ergcm-2s-1 (0.5-2keV). Opticalspectroscopic data are supplemented by deep CCD imaging of many sourcesto reveal the morphology of the optical counterparts, and objects toofaint to register on Sky Survey plates. The faintest opticalcounterparts have R~22. This paper describes the survey method, andpresents a catalogue of the RIXOS sources and their opticalidentifications. Finding charts based on Sky Survey data are given foreach source, supplemented by CCD imaging where necessary.
| X-ray spectra of the RIXOS source sample
We present results of an extensive study of the X-ray spectralproperties of sources detected in the RIXOS survey, which is a large,nearly complete sample of objects detected serendipitously in ROSAT PSPCfields down to a flux limit of 3x10^-14ergcm^-2s^-1 (0.5-2keV). We showthat for X-ray surveys containing sources with low count rate, such asRIXOS, spectral slopes estimated using simple hardness ratios in theROSAT band can be biased. Instead, we analyse three-colour X-ray datausing statistical techniques appropriate to the Poisson regime whichremove the effects of this bias. We also show that the use ofthree-colour data enables some discrimination between thermal andnon-thermal spectra. We have then applied this technique to the RIXOSsurvey to study the spectral properties of the sample. For the AGN wefind an average energy index of 1.05+/-0.05, with no evidence forspectral evolution with redshift. Individual AGN are shown to have arange of properties, including soft X-ray excesses and intrinsicabsorption. Narrow-emission-line galaxies (NELGs) also seem to fit to apower-law spectrum, which may indicate a non-thermal origin for theirX-ray emission. We infer that most of the clusters in the sample have abremsstrahlung temperature >3keV, although some show evidence for acooling flow. The stars deviate strongly from a power-law model but fitto a thermal model. Finally, we have analysed the whole RIXOS sample(extending the flux cut-off to the sensitivity threshold of eachindividual observation) containing 1762 sources to study therelationship between spectral slope and flux. We find that the meanspectral slope of the sources hardens at lower fluxes, in agreement withresults from other samples. However, a study of the individual sourcesdemonstrates that the majority have relatively soft spectra even atfaint flux levels, and the hardening of the mean is caused by theappearance of a population of very hard sources at the lowest fluxes.This has implications for the nature of the soft X-ray background.
| Narrow-band photometry of G and K stars near the North Galactic Pole
Photoelectric narrow-band photometry obtained for 292 late-type starsbrighter than 10 m in the North Galactic Pole area is discussed. The g,n, k, m, f-system of Dickow et al. (1970) is used. The stars were chosenfrom two lists: (1) all stars of spectral type G5 or later in the HenryDraper Catalog (Cannon and Pickering, 1918-1924) within 15 deg of theNorth Galactic Pole, together with a few BD stars; and (2) all starsclassified as K or M giants and in Upgren's 25-31 deg zones (Upgren,1962). For most of the stars, estimates of the following quantities arederived: V-magnitude, R-I color, metal abundance, MV, and theduplicity parameter res(k).
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