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Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| Beobachtungssergebnisse Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Veraenderliche Sterne e.V.
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| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| δ Scuti stars and their related objects
δ Scuti stars are a group of stars located on or a little abovethe main sequence of H-R diagram with spectral type from A3 to F5. Theyare low amplitude single or multi period pulsators with period shorterthan 0.3 d. Within the same area there are several groups of variablesor special stars correlated with them, e.g., Dwarf Cepheids, γ Dorvariables, Blue Stragglers, Am stars, Ap stars, ROAp variables, λBoo variables and δ Del variables. In this paper a general reviewin this field, including the number of new variables discovered after1995, is presented. The most reliable period variation rates for all thehigh amplitude variables and several low amplitude variables are listed.Statistic shows the higher the rotation rate v sin i is, the lower thelight variation amplitude is. Thus within young open clusters highamplitude variables cannot be found. The amplitudes-periods distributionhave 3 peaks with the highest of 1.0 mag in V at 0.17 d in period. Forδ Scuti variables in stellar systems the shorter the averageperiod is, the lower the metallicity and the older the age of thestellar system are.
| High-Amplitude δ Scuti and SX Phoenicis Stars: The Effects of Chemical Composition on Pulsations and the Period-Luminosity Relation
We present a theoretical study of the radially pulsating δ Scutiand SX Phoenicis variables, concentrating on the blue straggler SXPhoenicis variables found in globular clusters. We have evolved a gridof stellar models with the metal abundance of the globular cluster M55,including models with alpha-enhanced metal abundances, and tested thesemodels for radial pulsations observed in the high-amplitude δScuti and SX Phoenicis stars. Our grid includes models with globallyenriched helium content to simulate the effects of stellar collisionsand global mixing possible in blue stragglers. We find that globalenrichment of helium strongly affects the temperature and luminosity ofa given star, but the location of the instability strip blue edge andthe slope of the period-luminosity (PL) relation are unchanged. Thissuggests that the PL relation is not affected by blue stragglerformation if blue stragglers are fully mixed stellar mergers. Our blueedges and PL relations are in agreement with other theoreticaldeterminations and also with the observational PL relation of M55, butthey are not in agreement with the PL relation previously derived forhigh-amplitude δ Scuti stars in the field. Analysis of thedouble-mode variable, V41, suggests either that the star may not bepulsating in the first and second overtones as claimed or that normalstellar models may not be accurate models of blue straggler stars.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| A revised catalogue of delta Sct stars
An extensive and up-dated list of delta Sct stars is presented here.More than 500 papers, published during the last few years, have beenrevised and 341 new variables have been added to our last list, sixyears ago. This catalogue is intended to be a comprehensive review onthe observational characteristics of all the delta Sct stars known untilnow, including stars contained in earlier catalogues together with othernew discovered variables, covering information published until January2000. In summary, 636 variables, 1149 references and 182 individualnotes are presented in this new list. Tables 1 and 2 will be accessibleonly in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| Pulsation of the delta Scuti star VZ CANCRI
After the ``O-C'' technique is used to study the pulsation of the deltaScuti star VZ Cnc with the times of maximum light listed in theliterature and a newly-determined time based on new photometry for thisstar, some high-quality photometry light curves in the literature areanalysed by the Fourier decomposition, showing that there are more than2 frequencies in the pulsation of this star, which might be one possibleexplanation of the existence of the large scatter in the ``O-C''diagram.
| Mode and period changes in pulsating stars near the main sequence : delta Scuti stars.
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| The delta Scuti Star GSC 2985-01044
GSC 2985-01044 is a delta Scuti star with a period of 0.0933584 days anda V-magnitude range of 11.85-12.05 its light curve is slightly variable.The location, space motion, and other properties of this star indicatethat it is a higher amplitude delta Scuti star (or ``dwarf Cepheid'')that is a member of the old disk population. The problem of determiningthe local space densities of the various populations of the higheramplitude delta Scuti stars is discussed.
| CCD Photometry of the High-Amplitude delta Scuti Stars V798 Cygni and V831 Tauri
New CCD measurements of the two high-amplitude delta Scuti stars V798Cyg and V831 Tau were carried out. The double-mode pulsation of V798 Cygis demonstrated beyond any doubt. The f_1/f_2 ratio of 0.800 isconfirmed to be related to the unusual shape of the f_1 light curve. Theproperties of the Fourier parameters were revisited also by consideringthe new light curve of V831 Tau. In particular, the classicaldouble-mode pulsators cannot fill the gap in the R_21 distribution. Twonew variable stars were discovered in the field of V798 Cyg.
| The Age Range of Hyades Stars
On the basis of canonical models, the age of Hyades supercluster stars,whether in the Hyades and Praesepe clusters or the noncluster field,ranges from (5-6) x 10^8 to 10^9 yr. The difference between the parallaxderived from the supercluster motion and that obtained from Hipparcosobservations has a dispersion only twice that of the mean dispersion ofthe individual Hipparcos values. The supercluster appears not to containred giants on the first ascent of the red giant branch, but onlyasymptotic giant branch (``clump'') stars. The masses obtained forindividual components of binary stars in the supercluster show adispersion of less than 10% when compared with model predictions.
| Period changes of delta Scuti stars and stellar evolution
Period changes of delta Scuti stars have been collected or redeterminedfrom the available observations and are compared with values computedfrom evolutionary models with and without convective core overshooting.For the radial pulsators of Pop. I, the observations indicate (1/P)dP/dt values around 10(-7) year(-1) with equal distribution betweenperiod increases and decreases. The evolutionary models, on the otherhand, predict that the vast majority should show increasing periods.This increase should be a factor of about ten times smaller thanobserved. For nonradial delta Scuti pulsators of Pop. I, thediscrepancies are even larger. The behavior suggests that for theserelatively unevolved stars the rate of evolution cannot be deduced fromthe period changes. The period changes of most Pop. II delta Scuti (SXPhe) stars are characterized by sudden jumps of the order of Delta P/P ~10(-6) . However, at least one star, BL Cam, shows a large, continuousperiod increase. The variety of observed behavior also seems to excludean evolutionary origin of the changes. Model calculations show that theevolutionary period changes of pre-MS delta Scuti stars are a factor of10 to 100 larger than those of MS stars. Detailed studies of selectedpre-MS delta Scuti stars are suggested.
| HIPPARCOS parallaxes and period-luminosity relations of high-amplitude delta Scuti stars
Hipparcos parallaxes of high-amplitude delta Scuti stars are used toderive a period-luminosity relation with a scatter of about +/-0.1 mag,which is independent from photometric calibrations to absoluteluminosities. Comparisons with several P-L relations from the literatureshow satisfactory agreement, and all deviations from the Hipparcos meanrelation can be explained by uncertainties in the data available beforeHipparcos. Hipparcos data for a few stars of relatively small anduncertain parallaxes indicate that they may have systematically very lowluminosity. However, briefly discussing Lutz-Kelker corrections andconsidering the full sample of high-amplitude delta Scuti stars, it isconcluded that this sample is homogeneous and has similar basic physicalproperties as the ``normal'' low-amplitude delta Scuti stars. It isemphasized that the Hipparcos P-L relation defines a new distance scalewhich is independent from those of the classical Cepheids and RR Lyraestars. Therefore, observations of high-amplitude delta Scuti stars canbe used to check fundamental distance determinations to e.g. globularclusters, the Galactic bulge and the Magellanic Clouds.
| HIPPARCOS Parallaxes and Distances of High-Amplitude δ Scuti Stars
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| Review of CCD parallax measurements
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| Luminosities of SX Phoenicis, Large-Amplitude Delta Scuti, and RR Lyrae Stars
Strömgren _uvbyβ photometry of SX Phoenicis andlarge-amplitude δ Scuti variables is analyzed to determine themean temperatures, metal abundances, and surface gravities of the stars.The mean temperatures and fundamental periods are used in conjunctionwith the pulsation equation and stellar models to derive masses, radii,surface gravities, and M_bol of the variables. The stars exhibit aperiod-luminosity relation. With the aid of Hipparcos trigonometricparallaxes the zero-point of the M_v, p is set. We find M_v = -3.725 logP - 1.933. This P-L relation is utilized to find the M-v values of RRLyrae stars or horizontal-branch stars in globular clusters and theCarina galaxy-objects that contain both SX Phe, and RR Lyrae variables,or horizontal-branch stars. The M_v values of the metal-poor RR Lyraestars are found to be consistent with M_v [Fe/H] calibrations derived bySandage (1993) and by McNamara (1997) from revised Baade- Wesselink M_vvalues. At [Fe/H] = -1.9 M_v is 0.42. Feast and Catchpole (1997)suggestion that M_v = 0.25 at [Fe/H] = -1.9 for RR Lyrae is discussed.This M_v value is too luminous because it makes the (T_eff) of RR Lyraestoo high-well off any (T_eff) = _f (color index) calibration. (SECTION:Stars)
| Luminosity and related parameters of δ Scuti stars from HIPPARCOS parallaxes. General properties of luminosity.
The absolute magnitudes of δ Scuti stars derived from parallaxesmeasured by the Hipparcos astrometric satellite are discussed andcompared with the previous estimates based on photometric uvbyβindices. There are significant differences which are related tophotometric effects of metallicity and rotational velocity, but thepossible effect of a close companion on the measured apparent magnitudeshould be also taken into account. The possibility of differentgroupings of δ Scuti stars based on the absolute magnitudes isbriefly discussed. Some high amplitude δ Scuti stars withintermediate or normal metallicity and small and uncertain parallax haveapparently a very low luminosity; this could be a systematic effectrelated to the observational errors.
| V829 Aquilae is a Pulsating Star with a Variable Light Curve
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| A Photometric Study of V798 Cygni
New photometric $(uvby\beta)$ observations of the intrinsic variablestar V798 Cyg have been secured and used to derive values of foregroundreddening, E($b - y$) = 0\fm117, and metallicity, [Fe/H] = 0.64.Intrinsic ($b - y$) and $c1$ values indicate a mean effectivetemperature, $< Teff >$ = 7150 K, and a mean surfacegravity, $< \log g >$ = 3.39. Pulsation theory and theoreticalevolutionary tracks yield a mass of 2.3$M_{\odot}$ and an age of 0.63Gyrs. Although V798 Cyg has been described as being multi-periodic, thisconclusion is not confirmed by our observations. V798 Cyg in mostrespects resembles a typical population I dwarf Cepheid. (SECTION:Stars)
| Mesures de vitesses radiales. VIII. Accompagnement AU sol DU programme d'observation DU satellite HIPPARCOS
We publish 1879 radial velocities of stars distributed in 105 fields of4^{\circ} \times 4^{\circ}. We continue the PPO series \cite[(Fehrenbachet al. 1987;]{Feh87} \cite[Duflot et al. 1990, 1992 and 1995),]{Du90}using the Fehrenbach objective prism method. Table 1 only available inelectronic form at CDS via to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| HIPPARCOS parallaxes and the nature of δ Scuti stars.
Hipparcos parallaxes give new tests of the nature of δ Sctvariables. For many individual stars accurate distances are nowavailable, i.e. directly determined luminosities and radii can be usedto test theoretical models. Of particular interest are the at presentvery unclear relations between high-amplitude δ Sct stars and themuch more abundant low-amplitude δ Sct variables, and therelations between field variables and the SX Phe stars in globularclusters. Only a few high-amplitude variables have Hipparcos parallaxessufficiently accurate to provide precise model tests. Here we give adiscussion of this group, considering SX Phoenicis and AI Velorum, whichhave the best parallaxes among the high-amplitude stars, in some detail.It is shown that two new tests based on the improved parallaxes are ingood agreement with the (generally accepted) assumption that thehigh-amplitude variables are normal stars following standard evolution.AD Canis Minoris may be an interesting exception with strongly deviatingproperties. We briefly comment on globular cluster variables andperiod-luminosity relations.
| Spectroscopic survey of delta Scuti stars. I. Rotation velocities and effective temperatures
Projected rotational velocities and effective temperatures for 68 deltaSct stars as well as 41 non-variable stars of similar spectral type andluminosity are presented here. The rotational velocities have beencalculated following the method developed in \cite[Gray (1992)]{ref38}and effective temperatures have been derived using the Balmer lineprofiles. The temperatures obtained from this method are shown to be inreasonable agreement with those calculated using the Infrared FluxMethod (IRFM) or spectrophotometric methods. This result has allowed usto use our temperatures to compare different uvby beta photometriccalibrations. We find that the calibration given by \cite[Moon \&Dworetsky (1985)]{ref72} is the most consistent. In the second part ofthis paper we have studied the relation between the pulsationalproperties (periods and amplitudes) and the physical parameters (v sin iand Teff). Where pulsation modes have been determined, thelow amplitude $\delta$ Scutis tend to be multimode (radial andnon-radial) pulsators, consistent with the theory that non-linearcoupling between modes acts to limit the amplitude in these stars. Wehave compared the distribution of v sin i for low amplitude $\delta$Scutis and non-variable stars. This shows the $\delta$ Scutis have abroader distribution in v sin i suggesting that a high rotation velocitymay favour pulsation. We find that the large amplitude delta Scuti starstend to have longer periods, cooler temperatures and lower rotationvelocities. Given that the large amplitude stars are also relativelyrare all the above are consistent with the hypothesis that these starsare more evolved (sub-giants) than the low amplitude delta Scutis (mainsequence or early post-main sequence).
| The Effective Temperatures, Radii and Masses of Dwarf Cepheids
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| Stellar Pulsations Across the HR Diagram: Part 2
Stars over essentially the whole mass domain can become pulsationallyunstable during various stages of their evolution. They will appear asvariable stars with characteristics that are of much diagnostic value toastronomers. The analysis of such observations provides a challengingand unique approach to study aspects of the internal constitution andevolutionary status of these objects that are not accessible otherwise.This review touches on most classes of known pulsating variable starsand tries to elucidate connections to stellar physical aspects. To aidfuture investigations, we stress questions and problems that we believeare yet to be resolved satisfactorily.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Krebs |
| Right ascension: | 08h40m52.12s |
| Declination: | +09°49'27.2" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 7.702 |
| Distance: | 184.162 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -29 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -13.6 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.12 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.737 |
Catalogs and designations:
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